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Extensive Studies of Palm Oil Tocotrienols

• In the first published human clinical trial on tocotrienols, palm oil tocotrienols reduced total cholesterol between 5% and 36% and LDL cholesterol between 1% and 37% in healthy subjects (Tan, 1991).

• In the second published study, Dr. Qureshi (cited above) found decreases of 15% in total cholesterol and 8% in LDL cholesterol in patients with elevated blood lipids over eight weeks (Qureshi, 1991).

• Researchers at Ohio State University and Wayne State University found that women given palm oil tocotrienols had 12X to 30X the level of alpha-tocotrienols in their plasma that are required to completely prevent stroke-related neurodegeneration (Khosla, 2006).

• Patients with Type-II diabetes supplemented with palm oil tocotrienols had improved fasting blood sugar levels and antioxidant status (Vafa, 2015).

• A group of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and white matter lesions in the brain (confirmed by MRI) took palm oil tocotrienols over two years. The white matter lesions in the treatment group were significantly smaller at the end of two years compared to placebo (Gopalan, 2014).

• Patients with Type-II diabetes had decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and nitro-sative stress levels in their kidneys (Haghighat, 2014).

• In a pilot Phase-II clinical trial, palm tocotrienols showed significant effects against diabetic nephropathy (Tan, 2018).

• In a unique study on volunteers with significant hair loss, palm oil tocotrienols increased the number of hairs compared to placebo over an eight-month treatment period (Lim, 2010).

• Palm oil tocotrienols improved the immune response to tetanus toxoid in healthy volunteers leading to the conclusion that they have immunostimulatory effects (Mahalingam, 2011).

• In three separate clinical trials targeting liver health, researchers found that palm tocotrienols delay the progression of the model for end-stage liver disease (Patel, 2012); provide liver protection in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and high cholesterol (Magosso, 2013); and reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in the liver (Catanzaro, 2016).

Extensive Studies of Rice Bran oil Tocotrienols 

Dr. Qureshi did a fascinating study to compare Rice Bran tocotrienols with statin drug Lovastatin in patients with elevated cholesterol levels. The patients were supplemented in conjunction with commencing the American Heart Association’s Step-1 diet for cardiovascular health. Tocotrienol dosage was at a very low level of 50mg per day. Results after 35 days were similar for both compounds, with rice bran tocotrienols performing slightly better:

• Total cholesterol was lowered by 14% by rice bran tocotrienols
• Total cholesterol was lowered by 13% by Lovastatin
• LDL cholesterol was lowered by 18% by rice bran tocotrienols
• LDL cholesterol was lowered by 15% by Lovastatin (Qureshi, 2001)

In a follow-up study published the following year done in conjunction with researchers at UCLA and the government of Pakistan, Dr. Qureshi did a dose-dependency study in patients with high cholesterol. Dosages of 25mg, 50mg, 100mg and 200mg were administered along with enrollment in the American Heart Association Step-1 diet. Optimum results were found at doses of 50mg – 100mg per day for lowering LDL and total cholesterol. They pointed out that the blood lipid-lowering effect of tocotrienols is due to inhibition of liver enzyme activity. To the contrary, alpha-tocopherol has the opposite effect it induces liver enzyme activity (Qureshi, 2002).

• In patients with Type-II diabetes and elevated cholesterol levels, rice bran tocotrienols led to a vast decrease in blood lipids over 60 days. Total blood lipids decreased on average by 23%, while total cholesterol decreased by 30%. The most significant decrease was in life-threatening LDL

cholesterol which was reduced by a whopping 42% on average (Baliarsingh, 2005).

Extensive Studies of Annatto Tocotrienols

• A study led by Dr. Qureshi of University of Missouri’s School of Medicine found promising results for Hepatitis-C patients. Patients taking annatto tocotrienols experienced increased cell death and necrosis of malignant tumors as well as decreases in viral infection and virus cellular growth and proliferation (Qureshi, 2018).

• Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease supplemented with annatto tocotrienols experienced a decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [key marker for systemic inflammation], a decrease in oxidative stress markers and improvement in aminotransferase levels [marker for liver disease] (Pervez, 2018).

• After finding bone-protective effects in animals, researchers at Texas Tech University School of Medicine showed that annatto tocotrienols decreased bone resorption and improved bone turnover rate in postmenopausal women with osteopenia [reduced bone mass of lesser severity than osteoporosis] (Shen, 2018).

• After showing cancer-preventive properties for delta-tocotrienols in a mouse model, researchers from the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute in Florida published a Phase-I human clinical trial in patients with pancreatic ductal neoplasia [a form of pancreatic cancer]. They found that delta-tocotrienol supplementation led to significantly higher levels of cancer cell death (Springett, 2015).

• The most recent publication was a Phase-II human clinical trial done by university and hospital researchers in Denmark. This study was done on patients suffering from recurrent ovarian cancer who were taking an anti-cancer drug ‘bevacizumab.’ Results showed that, by combining annatto tocotrienols with the anti-cancer drug, improvements were found as compared to patients who took only the anti-cancer drug (Thomsen, 2019).

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